EACH PERSON has a peak in life relative to various skills, after which those skills diminish. This fact is as immutable as gravity. It is also observable that an older individual who begins a long-distance running program steadily improves—for a time—before gradually succumbing to the inevitable slowing down process. For some runners, the diminution of their road racing prowess in their 40s is devastating—to the point that they actually give up their beloved running and racing.

Thanks to the gradual, scientific, and statistical creation of age-graded tables, culminating in the 1994 WAVA (World Association of Veteran Athletes) tables, masters and veteran road racers, and especially marathoners, can hand themselves a new lease on their racing lives.

The WAVA approach to judging and comparing performances has revived many a supposedly flagging marathon career. Let me share my own marathoning history with you, for it parallels—and is infused by—the gradual development of age-graded tables.

HOW IT ALL STARTED

I never considered myself much of a runner. I never finished a high school mile, and I always ended up nearly last in the compulsory cross-country runs in New Zealand. I was about as much a running animal as roadkill.

My life as a runner began in 1975 at the age of 51 when I was talked into joining a local joggers’ club. I arrived wearing a stout pair of walking shoes complete with thick, corrugated crepe rubber soles. I was advised that if I found the going too tough, not to worry. I could “just fall off the pace and return back to base.”

Fortunately for my overall fitness, I had spent the previous 10 years religiously doing what was known as the “5BX program,” which consisted of five minutes of calisthenics followed by six minutes of running in place or running one mile. I surprised the other club members by staying with them until the turnaround point. At the turnaround, the club split into two: the joggers and the speedsters. My reptilian competitive urge was aroused as I saw the speedsters disappear over a hill. Too late, I took off after them and almost caught them before they reached the clubrooms.

During the next four years I jogged with the slow group every Sunday at a confirmed jogging pace and usually 6 to 7 miles. My weekly total mileage over this period was approximately 12 to 15 miles. I never kept a running log and I never raced.

Attendance at the club began to fall away until there were only two of us left. The other fellow had been part of the speedster faction so he made a regular practice of running with me for a while and then upping the pace to leave me for dead. I found, however, that I could keep up with him if I tried. Eventually, we folded up the club, and I joined the newly formed Wellington Marathon Clinic in February 1979.

Circumstances found me with time on my hands over Christmas 1978. I read some literature on the marathon and decided to try one. The Wellington Handicap Marathon was scheduled for January 27. This allowed for three weeks of training. I catapulted from 20-mile weeks to weeks of 45, 62, and 42 miles, respectively. A week before the race, which was two loops of a local course, I decided to do a one-loop time-trial. Puffing like an old bull, it took me two hours. Obviously, there was no way I was going to break four hours, so I told my wife and daughter there was no need to meet me until after the noon hour, since my handicapped group (those who had never run a marathon before) went off at 8:00 A.M.

Alas, my wife arrived too late to see me finish. I had come across the finish line second male. I had run 3:35:10, taking first prize in the M50 age group and second place based on handicap. (Certainly, I do not recommend this type of training for first-time marathoners.)

I decided, for statistical reasons, to break down my performance, which I have also done after each of my subsequent 39 marathons. At age 54, on January 27, 1979, I ran 3:35:10 this way:

• 1st 10K = 48 minutes
• 2nd 10K = 50 minutes
• 3rd 10K = 52 minutes
• 4th 10K = 53 minutes
• Final 2.2K = 12.2 minutes
• First half of race = 103 minutes
• Second half of race = 112 minutes

THE DISCOVERY OF MEASURING PERFORMANCE

Fast-forward to the end of May, 1981. By then, I had completed nine marathons, and at age 57, I had scored a 1st in my age group twice, a 2nd five times, and a 16th in the 1981 World Veteran Championships. I had also discovered an article in the February 1981 issue of Runner’s World that contained tables of age-standard times for men and women with instructions on how to calculate performance percentage based on age.

To calculate performance, you convert an individual’s race time to seconds and divide that number by the AST (age-standard time) in the seconds table of the race distance that corresponds to the individual’s age, and then multiply the answer by 100 to express the performance as a percentage.

The author of the tables contended that runners scoring about 85 percent generally took the major placing in race events. Unfortunately, these tables were deficient, as the standards were not based upon ultimate human performance, and sufficient quality statistics had not been employed in their preparation.

Some years later my attention was drawn to another set of tables, these published in Vetline, the official publication of the New Zealand Association of Veteran Athletes (NZVA). The tables, I learned, had been in existence since 1989 and were issued by the World Association of Veteran Athletes (WAVA), the world-governing body for masters track and field, long-distance running, and race walking. In 1994 the group published a revised version, which can be obtained from National Masters News, P.O. Box 2732, Van Nuys, CA 91404.

Over the first two years of my self-study, my marathon race times decreased from 3:35:10 to 3:09:25; my performances were obviously improving as I learned more about how to train and race properly. This initial improvement curve supported the medical claim that no matter how old one is when commencing a running program, initially times and performances will improve with training. A study of first-time marathoners done at this time indicated that on average the improvement during the initial years amounted to 28 minutes over the marathon distance.

My evaluations of performance measurement had by this time led me to the conclusion that the future of road racing in general, and marathon racing in particular, lay in perfecting a set of tables that would fairly rate the performance of men and women of all ages in the same race event, which would prevent them from becoming discouraged by advancing age and diminishing returns. This concept neatly obliterates the natural handicaps of age and sex. Of course, I was neither the first nor the only observer of the scene to come to this conclusion.

In 1986 I read Tim Noakes’s compendium of a book, Lore of Running. A scientist and human performance specialist at the University of Cape Town Medical School, Noakes describes how he plotted the five-year world marathon and the 90K Comrades records and constructed an age-graded table based on his findings. Noakes concluded, “The best records are set by athletes who come closest to the physiological limits set by their age, and the weaker records are not representative of the true physiological limits at that age.” At the time of his work, Noakes did not have a sufficient number of quality records available to be able to prepare a companion table for women. “Hopefully, some time in the future this handicapping index will become a feature of all running events,” he stated.

THE DARK AGES: 5-YEAR AGE-GROUPS

Let’s assume that the 1994 WAVA tables are suitable for the purposes of the Noakes prediction. Is the 5-year age-group category system in current use ready for the dustbin? It has already been established that race times steadily decrease after age 40. The rate of decrease accelerates with advancing age. When plotted, it follows a smooth curve. Noakes observed that the slope of the fall in performance with age is quite similar to the curve monitoring the reduction in VO₂max with age.

Using the perfect athlete with a marathon time of 2:06:50 who keeps a constant level of health and running fitness, it is predicted from these findings that his marathon time at age 40 will be 2:08:58, at 50 it will be 2:18:55, at 70 it increases to 2:48:11, and at 80 it slows to 3:13:37. If he lives to be 100, the anticipated marathon finishing time increases to 7:39:52.

We know the human body does not age in 5-year increments. Nor does it age in yearly increments. It ages with every beat of the heart. Why, then, persist with 5-year age-groups in road racing events that oblige individuals to be compared on time with younger competitors?

The WAVA tables make it possible to measure performance at daily intervals. The inclusion of performance ratings in race results would enable runners to compare their performance with the rest of the field. This, of course, is not the case at present.

For masters runners, times become increasingly irrelevant as they age. If you take any race result sheet that is sorted in terms of time, from first to last, and then sort it in terms of performance, the results will illustrate why. For example, I placed about 800^th on the basis of time in the 1987 Honolulu Marathon. But on checking the performances of the first 100 runners to finish, based on the WAVA standards, my performance was about the 34^th best. At the 1994 San Francisco Marathon (my worst marathon time ever), I placed third in the 70+ age group. There were only nine in the age group, and some could well have been over 80 years of age. At the 1995 London Marathon, based on time, I finished roughly 13,000^th out of about 26,000. Had I been able to see the results

listed in order of performance, my time at the age of 71 would have had some meaning. Race times thus become entirely dependent on the age of the body that produces them. If the present age groups are maintained, performance percentages should, at the least, be published adjacent to race times.

I have determined that for accurate grading, a computer program must be capable of daily grading, sorting, and printing out performance percentages correct to two decimal places.

Consider a specific example of a situation where even a yearly or monthly grading would be unlikely to yield a fair result. It occurred at the 1994 Honolulu Marathon. The first four competitors in the M70–74 age-group crossed the finish line within the space of one minute, 57 seconds. A one-year difference at this age would increase a competitor’s time by 2 minutes and 33 seconds. Only three seconds separated the first two finishers.

A second example involving the same marathon illustrates the need to develop an appreciation of performance. Carla Beurskens from the Netherlands set the course record (2:31:01) in 1986 at age 34. Eight years later, at near the age of 43, she was for the eighth time the overall women’s winner. Her time was 2:37:06. By using the 1994 WAVA tables, her time could have been predicted to within roughly a minute. She likely is unaware that based on the tables, her 1994 performance, although 6 minutes slower, was superior to her time in 1986. Had she performed at the same level in 1986, she would have set a course record 1 minute and 26 seconds faster than she did. Based on the tables, her 1986 records translate to 91.96 percent performance, while the 1994 effort comes in at 92.83 percent.

A HISTORY OF AGE-GRADING TABLES

The first set of tables to cover every track, field, and road event was introduced by American Chuck Phillips in 1983. Three years later National Masters News, the official world and U.S. publication for the sport, staged the first-ever age-graded track and field meet in Los Angeles.

Back in 1975, professor L. E. Bottiger of Stockholm’s Karolinska Hospital suggested the study of athletic records for the effects of age on human performance capacity. Professor Bottiger plotted cross-country skiing and running records against age. In longer races, he found that best performances were achieved at 31 to 36 years of age and fell uniformly 5 to 10 percent per decade after that.

South African Willie Loedolff from Pretoria noted the regular, predictable decline and suggested that it could be used as a system for age-handicapping in long-distance races. As mentioned earlier, in 1983 Tim Noakes plotted age records covering world marathons and the Comrades ultramarathon and constructed a table of age-graded performances for each distance. He predicted—and hoped—that sometime in the future all race results would be corrected for age performance. His 1983 research of male performances up to and including age 65 is very nearly identical to the 1994 WAVA tables for men.

In 1988 the World Association of Veteran Athletes, under the leadership of then vice president Bob Fine, encouraged and supported the development and standardization for masters competitions. Records are now available from 10 veteran World Championships and 25 years of intense age-group 5-year competition.

In 1989, a complete set of masters age-graded tables was compiled and published by WAVA and National Masters News. They were considered a good first effort. A commission was given to the WAVA Age-Graded Subcommittee in 1991 to upgrade their 1989 effort. The 1994 tables are better for three reasons:

1. More performance data were used.
2. Every aspect of every event was examined in a much more exhaustive analysis than before.
3. Comparisons and cross-over analyses were extensively done to ensure that all elements of the tables were compatible and that the packaging as a whole was logical and continuous.

The age-graded tables confirm that after your 30s, your times deteriorate faster and faster. The 1994 standards set the existing outstanding performances at or near 100 percent. Most present veteran world records are well below the 100-percent standard because the graph used to determine the age standards employs only the very best of world records, those deemed closest to maximum human performance. This is fair because it evenly lowers the performance of all age divisions in between, and consequently it will be very rare for any athlete to exceed 100 percent. John Campbell’s 1990 2:11:04 at Boston at age 41 is rated at only 99 percent, for example, and Derek Turnbull’s marathon record of 2:38:46 for the 60 age-group scores 95.3 percent.

The only areas where the number of records was considered insufficient for high degrees of reliability are in the 80 to 99 and very young age divisions. The older athletes were found not to be improving as much as some theories say they should. This is understandable because only a tiny minority of gifted elite runners can hope to maintain the performance flair path throughout their life span. The elite are not necessarily blessed with normal health over a full life span. The majority of individuals throughout the world are dead by age 77.

The manner in which the tables have been constructed makes nonsense of any belief that performances calculated from them will be unfairly skewed in favor of older runners because of fewer records and less depth of competition at older age levels. Younger runners should be advantaged because the tables cannot adjust for health problems in aging runners. Older runners will also be competing against exceptional record levels set by outstanding elite runners to whom the years have been kind.

The women’s results, which were worked out entirely separately from the men’s, were compared to the men’s. Inconsistencies there caused minor but complete reworks of most women’s events. WAVA claims there is a well-thought-out and defensible reason for each entry in the tables.

Compared to the 1989 age-graded tables, in the 1994 revision the age 30 to 49 standards are generally more difficult and the age 70 standards generally easier. This was not done on purpose, but was due to the athletes posting world-class performances well into their 30s, and the fact that the older athletes are not improving as much as some theories said they should/would. The WAVA age-graded tables were developed in 5-year increments. This was done because WAVA’s only official use of the age factors at this time is for the scoring of multi-events that are contested in 5-year age groups.

WHAT ARE AGE-GRADED TABLES, ANYWAY?

We’ve been speaking of age-graded tables as though they are second nature to runners. Of course, except for hard-core masters runners who race frequently, they aren’t. Let’s simplify the concept:

Age-graded tables are a series of “age factors” and “age standards” that can be used to compare performances at different ages in track and field, long-distance running, and race-walking events. Age-graded tables show how much a typical person’s athletic performance improves during youth and declines during aging. The performances vary by event distances. Separate factors and standards are published for each sex covering ages 8 to 100. The purpose of age-graded tables is twofold:

1. To “correct” a person’s performance, no matter what his or her age, to what it would have been (or will be) in their prime years. By so doing, all kinds of interesting comparisons can be made. You can compare your performance to other people of any age, including open-class athletes.
2. To provide each individual with a percentage value that enables him to judge his performance in any event without bias to age or sex. No matter how old an athlete gets, this performance percentage will always be judged against the standard of one’s age. As your performances decline with age, so do the world standards that the tables use to calculate your percentage, giving a true measure of your performance. The standards correspond approximately to world record marks for a person of that age and sex in that particular event (see Achievement Levels on page 43).

ACHIEVEMENT LEVELS

• 100 percent = Approximate world-record level
• Over 90 percent = World-class level
• Over 80 percent = National-class level
• Over 70 percent = Regional-class level
• Over 60 percent = Local-class level

What Are the Advantages of Age-Graded Tables?

Age-graded tables can be used to do the following:

1. Keep track of your progress over the years.
2. Compare your own performances in a given event.
3. Compare your own performance in different events.
4. Compare your progress in the current year.
5. Set (realistic) goals for the current year and future years.
6. Compare back to your best-ever performance in an event.
7. Compare your performance to people of any age.
8. Estimate your anticipated performance in new events.
9. Compare performances of older and younger individuals in the same or different events.
10. Select the best performance in an event among all age groups.
11. Select the best overall performance in an event among all age groups.
12. Select outstanding athletes.
13. Give recognition to good performances in the younger and older groups.
14. Enable athletes at the upper end of their age groups to compete on an equal level with those at the lower end of their age groups.
15. Make the competition more interesting and exciting.
16. Make awards more meaningful.
17. Establish medal standards.
18. Score multi-events (decathlon, pentathlon, etc.) using standard IAAF scoring tables.

HOW TO USE THE 1994 WAVA AGE-GRADED TABLES

At the end of this article (see pages 47–53), we present the WAVA tables for long-distance running (LDR) with a brief explanation of their use and application. Next I’d like to walk you through some of the calculations that are possible using the tables.

Calculating Age Performance Percent

1. Convert your race time to seconds.
2. Select the standard time for the distance from the appropriate male or female table.
3. Divide the standard time by your race time.
4. Multiply your result by 100 to convert to a percentage of the world record for your age.

For example, the performance calculation for a 60-year-old woman who completes a marathon in 4:15:25 looks like this:

1. 4:15:25 = 15,325 seconds.
2. The WAVA age standard for the marathon for a female age 60 is 10,273 seconds (2:51:13).
3. 10,273 divided by 15,325 = 0.6743.
4. 0.6743 × 100 = 67.43 percent.

The performance calculation for a 50-year-old male who completes a half-marathon in 1:34:28 looks like this:

1. 1:34:28 = 5,668 seconds.
2. The WAVA age standard for the half-marathon for a 50-year-old male is 3,955 seconds (1:05:55).
3. 3,955 divided by 5,668 = 0.6978.
4. 0.6978 × 100 = 69.78 percent.

Extrapolating Back in Time

In what time could the 60-year-old woman have completed the same marathon when in her prime years of between 20 to 36 years of age?

1. She scored 67.43 percent of a world champion at age 60.
2. She should have been capable of scoring 67.43 percent of “open class” (OC) standard for a female.
3. The OC standard time for the marathon distance from the female table is 8,331 seconds.
4. (8,331 divided by 67.43) × 100 = 12,355 seconds.
5. 12,355 seconds = 3:25:55.

Extrapolating Forward in Time

How long will it take the 50-year-old male to complete his half-marathon when he is 70, assuming he has not developed arthritis, high blood pressure, stuffed up both knees, or suffered a stroke over the intervening years?

1. At age 70 he should still be capable of completing his half-marathon at 69.78 percent.
2. The half-marathon standard time for age 70 from the male table is 4,792 seconds.
3. (4,792 divided by 69.78) × 100 = 6,867 seconds.
4. 6,867 seconds = 1:54:27.

Yearly age standards are a good measure, but quarterly standards are an improvement. Daily standards are essential if performances are to be used for merit awards.

Interpolating Age Standards

To create quarterly standards between the ages of 50 and 51 on the male table, follow this procedure:

1. The marathon standard at age 50 is 8,335.
2. The marathon standard at age 51 is 8,403.
3. Over this year period, the time increase is 8403 − 8335 = 68 seconds.
4. The quarterly increase is 68, which divided by 4 is 17 seconds per quarter.

The 50 and 51 standards can now have the quarterly increments inserted as below:

Age	Standard
50	8,335
50.25	8,352
50.5	8,369
50.75	8,386
51	8,403

The entire WAVA table can be interpolated in this manner, which provides a total of 332 age divisions.

Let us now assume that a male aged 50 years, 10 months runs the marathon distance in 3:10:30. On the yearly scale, his performance would be 8,335 divided by 11,430 = .7292 or 72.92 percent. On the quarterly scale his performance would be 8,386 divided by 11,430 = .7341 or 73.41 percent. The above calculations show that the 0.49 percent performance increase is equivalent to 51 seconds, which is a significant amount. This illustrates clearly the stupidity of trying to measure one’s performance by times achieved under the 5-year age group system.

There are a number of excellent track and field software programs available, but the two I have examined are designed for multi-event meetings for scoring requirements needing only 5-yearly and yearly age increments. For road racing merit awards, a program interpolated to daily standards that prints out results correct to two decimal places is necessary. In 1995, I arranged for such a program to be developed. It would have sorted differently the four M70 Honolulu Marathon competitors, had merit awards been based on performance.

THE WAVA MALE AND FEMALE TABLES FOR LDR

The tables covering long-distance running (LDR) standards compiled for men and women are supplied at the end of this article courtesy of WAVA. I suggest that readers use these tables to practice manual calculations. They record times in seconds for each distance named by the headings at the top of each column. The age represented by each standard may be found by reference to the left-hand column. OC stands for “open class” standard for all prime ages at which individuals can set OC world records. The OC age varies with race distance.

For example, the male marathon OC age spans from 20 to 37 years. The male table records the OC standard for these ages as 7,610 seconds. When converted to hours, minutes, and seconds, this is 2:06:50, the current world record. Therefore, for a 20 to 37 year old to score 100 percent, he must achieve the same world-record time.

The female table OC marathon age spans ages 20 to 36 years. The OC standard time from the female table is 8,331 seconds and when converted is 2:18:51. This is considered to be the standard required for a woman to achieve near the ultimate in female performance and is approximately 10 percent slower than the men’s record. For the marathon, the female table has a 10 percent advantage built into all standard times. In this manner, female and male percentages are calculated to be equivalent. Races based on percent performance needn’t require separate male and female divisions; that is, a 70-percent female performance is the equal of a 70-percent male performance.

Note: Runners interested in the computer programs that have been developed by John Caughley and Bill Childs can purchase copies from John Caughley at 164 High Street South, Carterton, 5951 New Zealand. Phone/fax: 64 (06) 379-8325; e-mail: caughljo@classnet.wairarapa.ac.nz. Myperf is a program that calculates the performance of your training runs or races of any distance up to 100K. Alternately, one can request the running time needed to achieve a specific performance. Perform is a performance-measuring race management program suitable for clubs. The Perform program costs US$25, and the Myperf program is US$10.

WAVA Women’s Running Event Standards (LDR – In Seconds)

AGE	5000	8000	10K	12K	15K	10M	20K	H.MAR	25K	30K	40K	MAR	50K	100K
8	1110.9	1853.1	2364.5	2900	3687	3982	5056	5361	6460	7893	10530	11478	13443	29521
9	1050.2	1749.6	2230.7	2731	3472	3750	4757	5043	6074	7418	9934	10782	12689	27934
10	1004.1	1670.7	2128.4	2601	3308	3571	4526	4798	5775	7050	9472	10242	12105	26700
11	968.6	1609.7	2049.1	2500	3180	3432	4346	4606	5542	6762	9111	9818	11646	25730
12	941.1	1562.3	1987.4	2421	3079	3323	4205	4456	5358	6534	8825	9483	11284	24961
13	919.7	1525.3	1939.0	2358	3000	3237	4093	4337	5212	6353	8598	9216	10996	24348
14	903.1	1496.4	1901.1	2309	2938	3169	4005	4242	5096	6209	8418	9002	10766	23857
15	890.2	1473.9	1871.5	2270	2889	3116	3935	4168	5004	6095	8274	8832	10583	23465
16	880.2	1456.4	1848.4	2240	2851	3074	3880	4109	4932	6004	8161	8697	10438	23152
17	872.6	1442.9	1830.6	2216	2821	3041	3837	4062	4875	5933	8071	8590	10323	22904
18	866.9	1432.7	1817.0	2198	2798	3016	3803	4027	4830	5877	8001	8506	10233	22708
19	862.6	1425.0	1806.8	2184	2780	2996	3778	3999	4796	5834	7947	8441	10164	22556
OC	863.7	1419.0	1795.0	2175	2751	2963	3730	3948	4730	5752	7858	8331	10047	22288
30	863.7	1419.0	1795.0	2175	2751	2963	3730	3948	4730	5752	7858	8331	10047	22288
31	863.7	1419.0	1795.0	2175	2751	2963	3730	3948	4730	5752	7858	8331	10047	22288
32	863.7	1419.0	1795.0	2175	2751	2963	3730	3948	4730	5752	7858	8331	10047	22288
33	863.7	1419.0	1795.0	2175	2751	2963	3730	3948	4730	5752	7858	8331	10047	22288
34	864.5	1419.0	1795.0	2175	2751	2963	3730	3948	4730	5752	7858	8331	10047	22288
35	871.3	1425.6	1799.7	2177	2751	2963	3730	3948	4730	5752	7858	8331	10047	22288
36	878.1	1436.8	1813.8	2194	2769	2981	3744	3960	4736	5752	7858	8331	10047	22288
37	885.1	1448.2	1828.2	2211	2791	3004	3773	3992	4773	5791	7881	8349	10047	22288
38	892.2	1459.8	1842.8	2229	2813	3028	3803	4023	4811	5837	7943	8414	10121	22288
39	899.4	1471.6	1857.6	2247	2836	3052	3834	4055	4849	5884	8006	8481	10201	22326

continued

WAVA Age-Graded Standards — In Seconds

Men’s Running Event Standards (LDR)

AGE	5000	8000	10K	12K	15K	10M	20K	H.MAR	25K	30K	40K	MAR	50K	100K
40	906.8	1483.5	1872.7	2265	2859	3077	3865	4088	4888	5931	8070	8549	10282	22502
41	914.3	1495.8	1888.2	2284	2882	3102	3897	4122	4929	5980	8136	8619	10366	22682
42	921.9	1508.3	1903.9	2303	2906	3128	3929	4156	4969	6029	8203	8690	10451	22866
43	929.7	1521.0	1920.0	2322	2931	3154	3962	4191	5011	6079	8271	8762	10537	23052
44	937.6	1534.0	1936.2	2342	2955	3181	3995	4226	5053	6130	8340	8835	10625	23241
45	945.7	1547.1	1952.8	2362	2980	3208	4029	4262	5096	6182	8411	8909	10715	23434
46	954.0	1560.7	1969.9	2383	3007	3236	4065	4299	5140	6236	8483	8986	10807	23633
47	962.5	1574.6	1987.4	2404	3033	3264	4100	4337	5185	6291	8557	9065	10901	23836
48	971.1	1588.7	2006.1	2425	3060	3293	4137	4376	5231	6346	8633	9144	10997	24042
49	979.9	1603.0	2023.2	2447	3088	3323	4174	4415	5278	6403	8710	9226	11094	24252
50	988.9	1617.6	2041.6	2469	3116	3353	4212	4455	5326	6461	8788	9308	11193	24465
51	998.3	1632.9	2060.9	2492	3145	3384	4251	4497	5376	6521	8869	9395	11297	24689
52	1007.8	1648.5	2080.5	2516	3175	3417	4292	4539	5427	6583	8953	9483	11403	24916
53	1017.5	1664.4	2100.5	2540	3205	3449	4333	4583	5478	6645	9038	9573	11510	25148
54	1027.5	1680.6	2120.9	2565	3236	3483	4375	4627	5531	6709	9124	9664	11620	25384
55	1037.6	1697.2	2141.7	2590	3268	3516	4417	4672	5585	6774	9212	9758	11732	25624
56	1048.3	1714.7	2163.8	2617	3301	3553	4463	4720	5642	6843	9306	9856	11850	25879
57	1059.3	1732.6	2186.3	2644	3335	3589	4509	4769	5700	6914	9401	9957	11971	26139
58	1070.6	1750.8	2209.3	2671	3370	3627	4556	4819	5760	6985	9498	10060	12094	26404
59	1081.9	1769.5	2232.8	2700	3406	3665	4604	4870	5820	7059	9597	10165	12220	26674
60	1093.6	1788.5	2256.7	2729	3442	3704	4653	4921	5882	7134	9699	10273	12349	26950
61	1106.1	1809.0	2282.5	2760	3481	3746	4706	4977	5949	7214	9808	10388	12487	27247
62	1118.9	1829.9	2308.9	2792	3521	3789	4760	5034	6017	7297	9919	10506	12628	27550
63	1132.1	1851.4	2335.8	2824	3562	3833	4815	5093	6087	7381	10033	10626	12773	27860
64	1145.5	1873.3	2363.5	2867	3604	3878	4872	5153	6158	7467	10150	10750	12921	28177
65	1159.3	1896.8	2391.7	2892	3647	3925	4930	5214	6231	7565	10269	10876	13072	28501
66	1174.4	1920.3	2422.6	2929	3694	3975	4993	5281	6311	7652	10399	11014	13237	28856
67	1189.8	1945.5	2454.3	2967	3742	4026	5058	5349	6392	7751	10533	11155	13406	29217
68	1205.6	1971.3	2486.8	3006	3791	4079	5125	5420	6476	7852	10670	11300	13580	29589
69	1221.9	1997.9	2520.1	3046	3842	4134	5193	5492	6562	7956	10811	11449	13758	29970
70	1238.6	2025.1	2554.4	3088	3894	4190	5263	5566	6651	8063	10955	11601	13941	30361
71	1257.2	2055.3	2592.4	3134	3951	4252	5341	5648	6749	8181	11115	11771	14143	30794
72	1276.3	2086.5	2631.6	3181	4011	4315	5421	5733	6850	8303	11280	11945	14352	31239
73	1295.9	2118.5	2671.9	3229	4072	4381	5504	5820	6953	8429	11449	12124	14566	31698
74	1316.2	2151.6	2713.5	3280	4135	4449	5589	5910	7061	8558	11624	12309	14788	32170
75	1337.2	2185.8	2756.4	3331	4200	4519	5676	6003	7171	8691	11804	12500	15016	32656
76	1360.9	2224.3	2805.0	3390	4273	4598	5776	6107	7296	8842	12008	12715	15273	33205
77	1385.4	2264.3	2855.2	3450	4350	4680	5878	6216	7425	8998	12218	12938	15540	33773
78	1410.8	2305.7	2907.3	3513	4428	4764	5985	6328	7559	9160	12436	13168	15816	34360
79	1437.2	2348.7	2961.3	3578	4510	4852	6095	6445	7698	9327	12662	13407	16101	34968
80	1464.6	2393.3	3017.3	3646	4595	4943	6209	6566	7842	9501	12897	13655	16398	35598
81	1496.6	2445.4	3082.7	3724	4694	5050	6343	6707	8009	9704	13170	13944	16743	36332
82	1530.0	2499.7	3151.0	3807	4797	5161	6482	6854	8185	9915	13455	14245	17104	37096
83	1564.9	2556.6	3222.4	3893	4905	5277	6628	7008	8368	10136	13753	14560	17480	37893
84	1601.5	2616.1	3297.1	3983	5018	5398	6780	7169	8559	10367	14064	14889	17873	38725
85	1639.8	2678.4	3375.3	4077	5136	5525	6940	7337	8759	10609	14389	15233	18284	39595
86	1687.6	2756.0	3472.8	4194	5283	5683	7138	7546	9008	10909	14794	15661	18795	40675
87	1738.2	2838.2	3576.0	4318	5439	5850	7348	7768	9272	11227	15222	16113	19335	41815
88	1791.9	2925.5	3685.5	4450	5605	6028	7571	8004	9552	11565	15676	16593	19908	43020
89	1849.0	3018.4	3802.0	4590	5780	6217	7808	8254	9849	11923	16157	17102	20515	44298
90	1910.0	3117.3	3926.1	4740	5967	6418	8060	8520	10165	12304	16669	17643	21160	45653
91	1997.2	3258.9	4103.6	4953	6235	6705	8420	8900	10617	12848	17400	18415	22081	47583
92	2092.9	3414.0	4298.0	5187	6528	7019	8814	9316	11111	13442	18198	19258	23086	49683
93	2198.1	3584.6	4511.6	5443	6849	7364	9246	9772	11653	14095	19073	20182	24186	51978
94	2314.5	3773.1	4747.7	5727	7204	7745	9724	10276	12251	14813	20036	21198	25397	54494
95	2443.9	3982.6	5009.8	6042	7597	8167	10253	10834	12913	15609	21101	22323	26735	57266
96	2687.6	4376.4	5502.1	6632	8335	8959	11244	11880	14152	17098	23090	24422	29230	62410
97	2985.2	4856.6	6101.7	7351	9232	9920	12448	13149	15655	18900	25493	26958	32239	68570
98	3357.0	5455.2	6848.0	8244	10945	11113	13941	14723	17515	21127	28455	30080	35939	76079
99	3834.5	6222.0	7802.3	9385	11763	12632	15840	16723	19876	23949	32194	34021	40597	85434
100	4470.4	7239.8	9065.7	10891	13632	14632	18338	19353	22972	27641	37066	39149	46643	97413

WAVA Men’s Running Event Standards (LDR) — continued

AGE	5000	8000	10K	12K	15K	10M	20K	H.MAR	25K	30K	40K	MAR	50K	100K
8	989.3	1615.2	2043.7	2477	3152	3402	4311	4572	5516	6761	9400	9955	11987	26504
9	944.8	1544.6	1954.7	2368	3015	3253	4121	4369	5268	6454	8960	9489	11431	25277
10	909.3	1488.5	1884.4	2283	2906	3135	3970	4209	5072	6209	8608	9116	10985	24297
11	880.7	1443.6	1828.1	2215	2819	3041	3849	4080	4914	6012	8322	8814	10624	23504
12	857.4	1407.3	1782.7	2160	2749	2965	3751	3976	4786	5852	8088	8566	10328	22856
13	838.2	1377.7	1745.7	2115	2692	2903	3671	3891	4682	5720	7895	8362	10084	22323
14	822.5	1353.5	1715.6	2079	2645	2853	3606	3821	4596	5612	7735	8192	9882	21883
15	809.5	1333.8	1691.0	2049	2607	2812	3553	3764	4525	5523	7602	8051	9714	21518
16	798.8	1317.6	1671.0	2025	2576	2778	3509	3717	4468	5449	7491	7934	9574	21216
17	790.0	1304.5	1654.7	2006	2551	2751	3474	3680	4420	5389	7400	7837	9459	20966
18	782.9	1293.9	1641.6	1990	2531	2729	3445	3649	4382	5339	7324	7757	9363	20761
19	778.4	1285.4	1631.2	1977	2515	2711	3422	3624	4351	5299	7262	7691	9285	20593
OC	778.4	1278.9	1618.4	1962	2486	2680	3380	3579	4296	5235	7174	7610	9190	20360
30	778.4	1278.9	1618.4	1962	2486	2680	3380	3579	4296	5235	7174	7610	9190	20360
31	778.4	1278.9	1618.4	1962	2486	2680	3380	3579	4296	5235	7174	7610	9190	20360
32	778.4	1278.9	1618.4	1962	2486	2680	3380	3579	4296	5235	7174	7610	9190	20360
33	778.4	1278.9	1618.4	1962	2486	2680	3380	3579	4296	5235	7174	7610	9190	20360
34	778.4	1278.9	1618.4	1962	2486	2680	3380	3579	4296	5235	7174	7610	9190	20360
35	781.3	1278.9	1618.4	1962	2486	2680	3380	3579	4296	5235	7174	7610	9190	20360
36	786.6	1287.4	1626.1	1968	2489	2681	3380	3579	4296	5235	7174	7610	9190	20360
37	792.1	1296.3	1637.3	1982	2506	2699	3397	3595	4307	5237	7174	7610	9190	20360
38	797.6	1305.3	1648.7	1995	2523	2718	3420	3619	4337	5273	7199	7631	9192	20360
39	803.1	1314.5	1660.3	2009	2541	2737	3444	3645	4367	5310	7249	7684	9256	20360
40	808.8	1323.7	1672.1	2024	2559	2757	3468	3670	4398	5347	7300	7738	9321	20378
41	814.6	1333.3	1684.1	2038	2577	2776	3493	3697	4430	5386	7353	7793	9388	20523
42	820.5	1342.9	1696.3	2053	2596	2797	3519	3723	4462	5424	7405	7849	9456	20669
43	826.5	1352.7	1708.7	2068	2615	2817	3544	3750	4494	5464	7459	7906	9524	20817
44	832.5	1362.7	1721.3	2083	2634	2838	3570	3778	4527	5504	7514	7964	9594	20968
45	838.7	1372.8	1734.0	2098	2654	2859	3597	3806	4561	5544	7569	8022	9665	21120
46	845.1	1383.2	1747.3	2114	2674	2880	3624	3835	4595	5586	7626	8083	9738	21278
47	851.5	1393.8	1760.7	2131	2694	2903	3652	3864	4630	5629	7685	8145	9812	21439
48	858.1	1404.6	1774.3	2147	2715	2925	3680	3894	4666	5672	7744	8207	9887	21602
49	864.8	1415.6	1788.1	2164	2736	2948	3708	3924	4702	5716	7804	8271	9964	21767

AGE	5000	8000	10K	12K	15K	10M	20K	H.MAR	25K	30K	40K	MAR	50K	100K
50	871.6	1426.7	1802.2	2181	2758	2971	3737	3955	4739	5761	7865	8335	10042	21935
51	878.7	1438.3	1816.9	2199	2780	2995	3768	3987	4778	5808	7928	8403	10123	22111
52	885.9	1450.2	1831.9	2217	2803	3020	3799	4020	4817	5855	7993	8471	10206	22289
53	893.2	1462.2	1847.1	2235	2827	3045	3830	4053	4857	5904	8059	8541	10290	22471
54	900.7	1474.4	1862.6	2254	2850	3070	3862	4087	4897	5953	8126	8612	10375	22655
55	908.3	1486.9	1878.3	2273	2874	3096	3894	4121	4938	6003	8194	8684	10462	22843
56	916.3	1500.1	1895.1	2293	2900	3124	3929	4157	4982	6056	8267	8761	10554	23042
57	924.5	1513.6	1912.1	2313	2926	3152	3964	4195	5027	6110	8340	8839	10648	23245
58	932.9	1527.3	1929.4	2334	2952	3180	4000	4232	5072	6165	8415	8918	10744	23451
59	941.4	1541.2	1947.0	2356	2979	3209	4036	4271	5118	6221	8491	8999	10841	23661
60	950.1	1555.4	1965.0	2377	3007	3239	4073	4310	5165	6278	8569	9081	10940	23874
61	959.4	1570.7	1984.4	2401	3036	3271	4113	4352	5216	6339	8653	9170	11047	24104
62	968.9	1586.4	2004.1	2425	3067	3303	4154	4395	5268	6402	8738	9260	11156	24339
63	978.7	1602.3	2024.9	2449	3097	3336	4196	4439	5320	6468	8825	9352	11267	24578
64	988.6	1618.6	2044.9	2474	3129	3370	4238	4484	5374	6531	8914	9446	11381	24822
65	998.7	1635.2	2065.8	2499	3161	3404	4281	4530	5429	6597	9005	9542	11496	25071
66	1009.8	1653.4	2088.8	2527	3196	3442	4329	4580	5489	6670	9104	9647	11623	25343
67	1021.1	1671.9	2112.3	2555	3232	3481	4377	4631	5551	6745	9205	9755	11752	25621
68	1032.7	1691.0	2136.4	2584	3269	3520	4427	4683	5613	6821	9309	9864	11884	25905
69	1044.6	1710.4	2161.0	2614	3306	3561	4477	4737	5678	6899	9415	9977	12019	26196
70	1056.7	1730.3	2186.1	2644	3345	3602	4529	4792	5743	6978	9523	10091	12158	26493
71	1070.2	1752.5	2214.1	2678	3387	3648	4587	4853	5816	7067	9644	10219	12311	26823
72	1084.1	1775.2	2242.8	2713	3431	3695	4646	4915	5891	7158	9768	10350	12469	27162
73	1098.3	1798.5	2272.3	2748	3476	3744	4706	4979	5968	7251	9895	10484	12631	27509
74	1112.9	1822.4	2302.6	2785	3522	3793	4769	5045	6047	7346	10025	10622	12797	27865
75	1127.9	1847.0	2333.6	2822	3570	3844	4833	5113	6128	7445	10159	10764	12967	28231
76	1145.0	1874.9	2368.9	2865	3624	3902	4905	5190	6220	7558	10310	10924	13161	28645
77	1162.5	1903.6	2405.2	2909	3679	3962	4980	5269	6315	7671	10466	11089	13359	29071
78	1180.6	1933.3	2442.7	2954	3736	4024	5057	5350	6413	7789	10627	11260	13565	29510
79	1199.3	1963.9	2481.3	3000	3795	4087	5136	5434	6513	7911	10793	11435	13776	29962
80	1218.5	1995.4	2521.2	3048	3856	4152	5218	5521	6617	8037	10964	11617	13994	30429
81	1241.1	2032.4	2568.0	3105	3927	4229	5314	5622	6739	8184	11165	11829	14249	30974
82	1264.5	2070.8	2616.5	3163	4001	4309	5414	5727	6865	8337	11372	12048	14514	31539
83	1288.9	2110.6	2666.8	3224	4078	4391	5517	5837	6996	8495	11588	12277	14789	32126
84	1314.1	2152.0	2719.1	3287	4158	4477	5625	5950	7132	8660	11812	12514	15074	32734
85	1340.4	2195.1	2773.6	3353	4241	4566	5737	6068	7274	8831	12045	12760	15370	33366
86	1373.4	2249.0	2841.7	3435	4345	4678	5876	6216	7451	9045	12336	13068	15741	34154
87	1407.9	2305.6	2913.2	3521	4454	4795	6023	6371	7637	9269	12641	13390	16129	34980
88	1444.3	2365.1	2988.4	3612	4568	4918	6177	6533	7832	9505	12962	13730	16537	35848
89	1482.6	2427.8	3067.6	3707	4689	5048	6339	6705	8037	9754	13299	14086	16966	38759
90	1523.0	2493.9	3151.1	3807	4816	5185	6510	6885	8254	10015	13654	14462	17418	37718
91	1581.1	2588.9	3271.0	3952	4999	5381	6755	7145	8564	10391	14164	15001	18066	39089
92	1643.8	2691.5	3400.5	4108	5196	5593	7020	7424	8899	10795	14713	15581	18764	40564
93	1711.7	2802.4	3540.7	4277	5409	5822	7306	7726	9261	11232	15306	16209	19518	42155
94	1785.4	2923.0	3692.9	4460	5640	6071	7617	8054	9654	11707	15949	16889	20335	43876
95	1865.7	3054.4	3858.8	4659	5892	6342	7955	8411	10082	12223	16649	17628	21224	45743
96	2015.8	3299.5	4168.1	5031	6362	6846	8584	9075	10878	13182	17948	19000	22872	49193
97	2192.2	3587.3	4531.2	5467	6913	7438	9321	9854	11809	14304	19466	20604	24798	53207
98	2402.3	3930.1	4963.7	5986	7568	8141	10197	10778	12916	15635	21265	22504	27077	57933
99	2657.0	4345.5	5487.5	6615	8361	8992	11254	11893	14251	17240	23431	24790	29818	63581
100	2972.1	4858.9	6134.9	7390	9339	10041	12556	13265	15893	19211	26087	27592	33177	70450